As illustrated with the image below on the left, a nested torus-shaped structure in the form of vaguely visible ring patterns could be observed to have had formed around the Cartwheel galaxy[w] and the pair of two nearby interacting galaxies[w]. These nested ring patterns were carefully traced out from its original optical image as shown on its right. This revealed an intergalactic nested torus-shaped structure with its nested polar vortex pair, and it encapsulates the three galaxies; this visualization suggests the three galaxies are situated in a galaxy group. From the viewing perspective of the illustrated image observing the rotating direction of the Cartwheel galaxy and the rotating direction of the more well-formed interacting galaxy to the left, it suggests the entire nested intergalactic polar vortex pair of the nested vortical hypersphere is cyclonically rotating in the counter-clockwise direction. Note: The vaguely visible ring patterns of the three galaxies were discovered and then traced by the author on the 16th of June, 2007.

Cartwheel galaxy

Torus shape

This image highlights the vaguely visible nested ring patterns, which thus showed a nested torus-shaped structure that is encasing the galaxy group.

Optical image of Cartwheel Galaxy and the other two interacting galaxies. [s]

“It is the theory that decides what can be observed.” - Albert Einstein

See the UVS topic on "The structure of galaxy" that elaborates on how a a galaxy is impelled by its torus transformed nested vortical hypersphere.

From the UVS perspective, the observed purplish stuff in the above inserted Chandra x-ray image for the Cartwheel[m], outlined the vortex column of an intergalactic polar vortex pair, which is encapsulated in a torus-shaped nested vortical hypersphere[w]. This asserts the interacting pair of galaxies and the Cartwheel galaxy are indeed withheld as a galaxy group in an intergalactic vortical hypersphere structure.

The cognitive paradox that renders the mysteries of the Cartwheel galaxy, could thus be meticulously resolved with its underlying vortical structure and mechanism illustrated.

The UVS research predicates a galaxy group is vortically formed, impelled, and encapsulated by an optically invisible intergalactic nested vortical hypersphere.

See the UVS topics on "The structure of the observable universe", "The formation of stars and galaxies", "Supervoids", and "Heliosphere" that also demonstrates such nested torus transformed structures in their empirical observations.

See also an external linked article on "Cartwheel Galaxy Makes Waves article".

The grounds for the epistemic theory of truth: The underlying vortical structure and mechanism of a galaxy group as explicated with its hypothetical construct based on the UVS model, elucidated its delusional observation that renders its misconceptions. Thus, its cognitive paradox could be meticulously resolved, and all the related natural phenomena were then qualitatively analysed in the conceptual framework of UVS by inductive reasoning for explicating with their empirical evidence to predicate by abductive reasoning.

See the UVS topic on "Overviews of the UVS research" that elaborates on its visual grounded theory for the evaluations of natural phenomena.

The optical image of the Cartwheel galaxy in the galaxy group appeared as it is facing toward the Earth, but this is an optical illusion[uvs] paradoxically perceived with its subliminal hints. This is an amazing optical illusion that is being naturally caused by its cognitive paradox of a nearer Cartwheel galaxy in the galaxy group with the depth information optically negated, and thus subliminally hinted to render its observational delusion. The X-ray image showed the depth information for the Cartwheel Galaxy, and has thus revealed its actual orientation; the Cartwheel Galaxy is actually facing away from the Earth.

Optical image

X-ray image

This X-ray image further substantiates as the qualitative proof on these galaxies are withheld as a galaxy group in an intergalactic nested vortical hypersphere.

From the UVS perspective, the ring torus jet streams manifested around the nested polar vortices of the nested intergalactic vortical hypersphere, could manifest their furrows in the form of nested ring patterns on the nested hypersphere. These furrows compressed and smoothened on the surface of the nested torus-shaped vortical hypersphere, could thus refract and reflect the lit up celestial objects to reveal its nested ring patterns.

“By visualizing the underlying structures and mechanisms, it intuitively reveals
the actualities of the mysteriously rendered natural phenomena.” - UVS inspired -

~ With special thanks to Professor Christopher W. Hodshire from Western Michigan University for his email on highlighting a link to "Galaxy Cluster Spawns Stars Faster Than Any In Known Universe". In the UVS worldview, this is strong scientific evidence for the existence of an intergalactic toroidal vortex system that vortically spawn stars, and then these stars vortically coalesced as a cluster of galaxies in their galaxy groups.

Note: The animation on right is a simulation of gravitational lensing by a black hole, which distorts the image of a galaxy in the background. The cognitive paradox that renders black hole as mysterious phenomenon, was thus resolved by the illustration of its underlying vortical structure and mechanism. The UVS research predicates a black hole is a dual-core vortical void of luminiferous aether displaced by a harmonic resonant of aether vortical motion.

A black hole simulated animation.

The grounding for its epistemic theories of truth: The underlying vortical structure and mechanism of a black hole as explicated with its hypothetical construct based on the UVS model, elucidated its delusional observation that has been rendering its physical paradox. Thus, its cognitive paradoxes were simply dispersed, and all the related natural phenomena were then qualitatively analysed in the conceptual framework of UVS by inductive reasoning for explicating with their empirical evidence to predicate by abductive reasoning.

See the UVS topic on "Overviews of the UVS research" that elaborates on its visual grounded theory for the evaluations of natural phenomena.

From the UVS perspective, a black hole is an optical phenomenon of displaced aether corpuscles[uvs] in absolute space[w]. It had emerged in the core of an optically invisible aetheric toroidal vortex, and it is a void of its vortically manifested structure.

A black hole emerges vortically as a void in the medium of aether corpuscles; black hole is not a physical object.

The mainstream predication for black hole is a physical entity with strong gravitational effects, is unsustainably a physical paradox[w] as a result of its science delusion.

It therefore has enormous but finite inertial force conserved by volumetric pressure with an upper limit that causes the effect of gravity in a pushed-in manner[uvs] to push toward its vortical center. The gravitational singularity[w] does not compress into a single point of zero volume with infinite gravity as predicted by the mainstream endorsed version of general relativity. This impossible proposition of GR suffered the foundational crisis for its posits with its artificial cognitive paradox. The UVS research predicates the gravitational singularity of a black hole emerges vortically from a single point of zero volume as the barycenter in a resonant of aether vortical motion.

Schematic of dominant unisonal vortex with an elongated dual-core vortex eye in a progressive vortical paradigm arrangement with vortical spokes and vortical spiral arms.

See the UVS topic on "Time dilation reviewed with UVS" for further elaboration on the physical paradoxes of the mainstream endorsed version of general relativity.

“In the balanced synergetic that vortically create matter from an aetheric entity, everything
physical in the cosmos unisonally evolves in a paradigm of vortical singularity.” - UVS inspired -

In the UVS worldview, the virtual barycenter of a star system with their planetary systems is a vortically manifested vortical gravitational singularity[uvs] of the star cluster system. Its manifested stellar black hole[w] strongly interacts vortically with the vortically manifested dual-core supermassive black hole[w] of its galaxy, and weakly interacts with the vortical gravitational singularities of all other star systems in the same galaxy to collectively manifest the vortical gravitational singularity of their galaxy, which vortically displaces the luminiferous aetheric corpuscles to form the supermassive black hole, and vortically transforms the aether density around it.

The UVS research predicates a stellar black hole is a vortical void of luminiferous aether transformed by a manifested vortical gravitational singularity of its star cluster system.

See an externally linked topic on "How black holes both consume and eject material" that reports on the observations for supermassive black holes.

From the UVS perspective, light could not escape the gravity of a black hole[uv], infers the carriers of light wave have the property of mass, and thus they could be interacted. Although light wave propagating in the aether corpuscles of light (the quantas of luminiferous aether) is weightless like sound wave, these aether corpuscles of light are being vortically displaced in the black hole, light thus could not escape or illuminate in a black hole.

Without the aether corpuscles in the void of the black hole, light therefore could not be transmitted, this is similar to sound wave could not be transmitted in a vacuum.

The empirically observed temperature of a rotating black hole[w] is almost absolute zero, and also light could not escape or transmit in it, are strong evidence for black hole is largely a vortical void of luminiferous aether.

See the UVS topics "The UVS reviews on the General Relativity concepts of gravity" and its subtopic on "Faster than light speed in transferring of motion through vortical interconnectedness" that illustrates some empirical observations of faster than light speed travel.

“The day science begins to study non-physical phenomena, it will make more
progress in one decade than in all the previous centuries of its existence.” - Nikola Tesla

.
Supermassive black hole

Based on the UVS model, a supermassive black hole[w], is an optically invisible dual-core galactic vortex void that has emerged in the center of an optically invisible nested galactic toroidal vortex; supermassive black hole is the hyperspherical vortical void of its dual-core galactic toroidal vortex[uvs].

From the UVS perspective, an innermost vortex column underlying a galaxy displacing aether corpuscles[uvs] with its wobbling vortex eye manifested inside a nested galactic spheroid, renders the phenomenon of supermassive black hole. This suggest a supermassive black hole is a vortical void of luminiferous aether, which is displaced by a resonant of aether vortical motion[uvs] with the vortical gravitational singularity[uvs] of its galaxy.

The UVS research predicates a supermassive black hole is a vortical void of luminiferous aether displaced by the vortical gravitational singularity of its galaxy.

The empirically observed temperature of a rotating supermassive black hole is almost absolute zero, is a strong evidence for it is largely a vortical void of luminiferous aether.

In the UVS worldview, the vortical motion of a supermassive black hole creates, impels and sustains a galaxy. For without the vortical vitality from this mother, the evolved stars and their satellites in the galaxy could not be formed at all. Every physical existence in their material form could exist in the galaxy owes it to this non-physical existence of material nothingness, which is formed by the vortical motion resonated in the aether medium. All star systems and planetary systems coalesced by the nested galactic toroidal vortex, are vortically revolving around the primary vortical void of the galaxy, which therefore has the combined mass effect of all its vortically coalesced objects, and thus rendered the phenomenon of its supermassive black hole.

Stellar orbits in the Milky Way. [s]

“All physical objects are ruled by the motions of their resonated vortical singularities.” - UVS inspired -

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The UVS perspective on dark matter and dark energy

In the UVS worldview, the manifested nested toroidal vortex[uvs] in the nested vortical hypersphere of the cosmos[uvs], coalesces matter[w] with the hyperspherical vortex spin fusion[uvs] of aether vortical motion[uvs], and its repulsive force renders the push-in mass effect of matter[uvs].

Based on the UVS model, the phenomenon of dark matter[w] are rendered by aether corpuscles[uvs] consolidated in a nested toroidal vortex[uvs].

From the UVS perspective, matters are manifested by vortical consolidations of aether corpuscles in an all-pervasive aetheric field with the resonance of vortical excitation. Dark matters are the aether corpuscles consolidated in a vortical structure as an almost all-pervasive medium, and the aether vortical motion of the universe[w], renders the dark energy[w] to energize the vortical structure in the all-pervasive aetheric field.

The UVS research predicates an inviscid aetheric medium is all-pervasive throughout the entire observable universe.

See the UVS topics on "Michelson-Morley experiment reviewed with UVS" that illustrates on the existence of aether, which is supposedly a universal medium of elementary particles that vortically conserve a background energy throughout the universe, "Scientific evidence and proofs for aether does physically exist" that illustrate strong scientific evidence for the existence of aether. In the UVS worldview, these are the qualitative proofs that an all-pervasive aether exists.

Based on unisonal vortex mechanism[uvs], with aether vortical motion interacting on viscous matters within a nested galactic spheroid, it would induce stars to vortically consolidate as a galaxy by its torque-free precession[w].

A weak gravitational lensing[w] method through Hubble Space Telescope[w] have detected a cluster of dark matter blobs that encapsulate the gaalxy cluster Abell 901a. From the UVS perspective, the cluster of dark matter blobs around the Abell 901a[m] galaxy cluster, is a cluster of intergalactic toroidal votices[uvs], and the dark matter blobs as shown in the composite image for the Abell 901/902 supercluster of galaxies, are clusters of cosmic toroidal votices[uvs].

Abell 901a A galaxy cluster

Abell 901/902 A supercluster

A galactic vortex is formed in a galactic spheroid with resonance of torque-free precession.

Do visual thinking[w] to perceive a region of space where there are only aether corpuscles in a sea of aether[w] with no matter at all, then a torque-induced precession coming from a vortical arm of a galactic cluster swept through this region. One can call the vortical structures formed by these aether corpuscles as dark matter, and the vortical agitation of the torque-induced precession that excites the aether corpuscles, is the dark energy. As a result, a dual-core supermassive black hole[uvs] vortically manifested in a resonated location in the sea of aether.

With the hyperspherical vortex spin fusion of the supermassive black hole in its nested encapsulation, elementary particles are particulated from aether corpuscles with the vortical motion to form the hydrogen atoms. The whirling motion with the dark energy enamated from the resonated supermassive black hole, vortically consolidates hydrogen atoms in its vortically manifested spheroidal clusters to coalesce matters at celestial objects. And some are being vortically excited to glow as vortical clusters of stars with their satellites that are formed in its galactic system.

The magnetohydrodynamic[w] dynamo effect[m] of viscous matter in a galactic vortex will generate electrical charge in ionized atom, and the electrical charge is vortically conserved in the encapsulating nested galactic spheroid by electrostatic force. Note: A MHD dynamo has three requirements - a conducting viscous matter, rotation, and convection. The vortical effect of aether vortical motion thus electrically powers the glow of those stars that have collected as a dazzling galaxy.

Star formation

See the UVS topics on "Nucleosynthesis in the cosmos" that elaborates on the hyperspherical vortex spin fusion of chemical compounds, and "Unisonal evolution mechanism" that elaborates on how nested toroidal votices could be formed.

See external linked topics on "New Proof Unknown "Structures" Tug at Our Universe" reporting on a mysterious "dark flow" that extends beyond the observable universe., "Lyman-alpha blob" that this is a huge concentration of a gas with ionized hydrogen atoms, "Modern Scientific Theories of the ancient Aether" (Aether, aether, Ether, ether, æther), "Plasma cosmology" and "Apheiron" of ancient Greek, and reports on "Dark Matter Blob Should Not Exist, But There It Is" for the evidence on empirically observed dark matter, "Galaxy Cluster Spawns Stars Faster Than Any In Known Universe", and "Blob may signal monster galaxy feeding" that suggests the blob may be an early galaxy caught in the act of forming. Watch a video clip on"Dark Matter Energy" by History Channel.

“The entire universe must be filled.” - The argument of Rene Descartes (1644)

“You can know the name of a bird in all the languages of the world, but when
you're finished, you'll know absolutely nothing whatever about the bird...” - Richard Feynman

“It is important to realize that in physics today, we have no knowledge what energy is.” - Richard Feynman

“When we looked into the heaven in the night sky, what we can see is a dark sky with remote specks of light from celestial objects that are visible to us within the bandwidth of the visible spectrum. If we can see ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and gamma rays, the night sky would appear as brilliantly lit up with the brilliance of these light rays.” (Oct 2007)
- Mr. Au Mun Chew, sidewalk astronomer, retired lecturer of the National University of Singapore.

~ With special thanks to Mr. Au Mun Chew (Astronomer, architect, retired NUS lecturer) for his showing of marvellous celestial objects through his rarefied telescope, and his inspiring speeches that had then initiated some of the UVS topics, such as the "Tunguska event".

~ With thanks to Graham Burnett for his posting on "Strange portal connects Earth to Sun" and a mission news by NASA on "Voyager Squashes View of Solar System" .

~ With special thanks to anonymous for his private message with links to "Supermassive Black Hole’s Dizzying Spin Is Half The Speed Of Light".

Image and animation credits:
Animation of Stellar Orbits - Created by Prof. Andrea Ghez and her research team at UCLA and are from data sets obtained with the W. M. Keck Telescopes.
Animation simulation of gravitational lensing by a black hole - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Image of 3D torus shape - Diaspora Chapter 2: Truth Mining
M77 artist concept via ALMA - ESO/NAOJ/NRAO
Chandra x-ray image for Cartwheel galaxy group - Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Image of the Cartwheel galaxy - Anglo-Australian Observatory photographed by S. Lee, C. Tinney and D. Malin.
Images of X-ray Cartwheel Galaxy - Chandra; NASA/CXC/A.Wolter & G.Trinchieri et al.
Composite image of supercluster Abell 901/902 - ESA/NASA & teams
Composite image of supercluster Abell 901a - ESA/NASA & teams
Artist impression of vortex - Really Slick Screensavers
Image of star HL Tau - Credit: Greaves, Richards, Rice & Muxlow 2008

The classified denotations with URL links for the individual words and specific phrases denoted in the UVS treatise:

The inception of this UVS topic was on 16th June 2007 with ongoing updates since.

Disclaimers: The treatise of Universal Vortical Singularity (UVS) in its epistemological paradigm shift, is fundamentally unconventional. Its hypotheses grounded on a generally unheard-of UVS model, bound to have shortcomings, such as loose ends, errors, and omissions errors. Many details and assumptions in its propositions have yet to be further researched, probed, evaluated, validated, or verified. Its implicit explanations are for casual understanding of the UVS topics presented in the UVS worldview, so if any term or statement is offensive in any manner from whatsoever perspectives, is most regretted. Links to other sites do not imply endorsement of their contents; apply appropriate discretion whenever necessary. Also, the content of the UVS topics, from time to time could be arbitrarily modified without any notice.

Viewing tips: Despite the presentations of the UVS web pages has went through much accommodation for their viewings on smart phones, they are still not entirely friendly to these mobile devices. For the best experiences, use a MS Windows based PC or computer system with Java enabled browser for running its interactive applets. (Such as Java Applet of Moiré pattern, JPL Small-Body Database Browser, and Planet Finder.)

Copyright information: This UVS web site is for non-profit purposes and not for commercial use. Wherever possible, direct credits to the origins of the works or images were provided, be it on fair dealings, with explicit permission from their owners, or the materials were believed to be from the public domain.